.. Bibliography ..

10 Books Related to Critical Investigation

1) Williams, Kevin (2003) : Understanding Media Theory. London: Arnold.

"The two concepts most commonly used to discuss representation are 'bias' and the 'stereotype'." - Page 123

" The potential to marginalise such groups and give rise to social prejudices" - Page 124

The reason why this book links to my critical investigation is because it explains and analyses how stereotypes are represented through the media including racial stereotypes, therefore as a result of my investigation, this will help me to focus on black stereotypical representations that are shown through the media and how people react to these representations.


2) Laughey, Dan (2009) : Media Studies. Theories and Approaches. Harpenden: Kamera Books.

"Hall Claims that Ethnic minorities are continually misrepresented by racial (and racist) stereotypes" - Page 78

3) Hall, Stuart et al (eds), (1972-79) Culture, Media Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies. London: Hutchinson.

Firstly the Number 2 Book, is very specific to my investigation as it covers main theories and theorists that focus on stereotypes and representations within the media, however mainly focusing on racial stereotypes, again this is beneficial to my studies as it allows me to go more into depth about different theorists that have studied a similar investigation. Book number 3 also allows me to focus on a famous theorist "Stuart Hall". Hall studies how black ethnic males are represented through society and how an audience sees them.

4) Burton, Graeme (2002): More Than Meets The Eye. London: Arnold.

" we may ask where our views, our images, come from" - Page 139

"representations emphasize diffrence between a given group and the views and values of those in mainstream culture" - Page 38

The reason why i have chosen to research this book us because, the book focuses on different representations are shown through the media, comparing British and American types of representations. This therefore allows me to study more in depth about how British cultural racial stereotypes are different compared to American racial representations within the media.

5) Eldridge, J ( 1993) : Greeting the Message : News, Truth and Power, London: Routledge.

This book is very beneficial to my investigation, although the book is not dated in a more experienced time limit, the focus of representations within the news is very specific to my investigation. The book focuses on the objectification of the news being bias and how the audience intake news stories. This therefore allows me to focus on how ethnic minorities are represented through the news and how the audience react when watching the news.

6) Branston, Gill (2003) : The Media Students Book. New York: Routledge.

"Its constructed versions of events usually serve dominant interests" - Page 134

This book focuses on UK news and how dominant ideologies, stereotypes and vies are represented through the news. This book will therefore will allow me to research how UK news has to be broadcast ed and to what extent of negative stereotypes are shown through the news and whether or not this will have an impact on the audience watching.

7) Black, Geoff (2008) : Revision Express Media Studies. England : Pearson.

" every news story is influenced by the attitudes and background of its interviewers, writers, photographers and editors" - Page 103

" as you know, most news depends on binary oppositions to establish a story (good/bad) so any story which represents a group or individual as dangerous will end up classifying them as 'bad' and therefore what we call 'deviant'" - Page 147

The reason why this quote and book is beneficial to my investigation is from the idea that news reports have an institution behind them, this therefore will have my investigation more in depth as i can focus on who produces the news reports and who broadcast what is shown on TV, i can also go more into depth by finding out if there are any specific types of organisations formed where people may complain about news reports if they believe something is done wrong by.

8) Nicholas, Joe (1998) : Advanced Studies in Media. London: Nelson.

" the media can also offer help by broadcasting or printing appeals to the public. Sometimes this involves deception, for example there may be a public declaration that robbers have stolen £1million when in fact they have stolen much less, in the hope that this might make the thieves fall out.

This quote from the book refers to the idea that the UK news could be sensationalised, and this therefore has an impact on the audience as they may intake this information and believe what is right and wrong within society, and what type of people are dangers within society.

9) Masterman, L (1985): Teaching the Media. Routledge.

"Students cannot claim to be media literate if they are incapable of reading a newspaper with an informed and critical eye"